What is a field goal in basketball?

A field goal in basketball refers to any score achieved from the court during regular play, excluding free throws. This definition encompasses shots made from inside the three-point line as well as those made from beyond it. Any successful attempt to score, regardless of the specific location on the court (aside from free throw attempts), qualifies as a field goal. Therefore, it accurately captures the essence of what a field goal entails in the sport, making it the correct choice.

The other options focus on specific scenarios or locations that do not represent the broader definition of a field goal, which is why they do not fit the criteria specified. For instance, limiting the scoring to only the three-point line, the free-throw line, or specifically during an overtime period unnecessarily restricts the comprehensive nature of field goals in basketball.