What is the purpose of a free throw in basketball?

The purpose of a free throw in basketball is to reward a player after they have been fouled during a shooting attempt. This occurs when the fouled player is not given a fair chance to complete their shot, allowing them an uncontested opportunity to score points from the free-throw line. This aspect of the game emphasizes fairness and provides a chance for players to capitalize on defensive infractions that hinder their scoring opportunity.

The significance of the free throw lies in its ability to impact the score without any defensive interference. It also plays a strategic role in the game flow, as successful free throws can shift momentum in favor of the shooting team and can be crucial in close game situations.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe the primary function of a free throw. For example, resetting the shot clock typically relates to the team's possession and is not influenced by free throws. Increasing game momentum can happen through successful free throws, but it is not their primary purpose. Likewise, gaining possession of the ball is a different aspect of the game altogether, often related to other plays and fouls, rather than the specific function of a free throw itself.